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Environmental Issues

Environmental Issues

2.1 Sense of the Environment


Environment or often referred to as the environment is around where the organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, people and relationships that affect them continuance livelihood and welfare of humans and other living things. The space is something which the various components of the environment and the process that occupies the space and environmental components of an entity.
Applied ecological environment is intended for people to apply the basic principles and concepts of ecology in the environment. Environmental issues are the problems that exist in the environment such as environmental damage caused by the floods caused by garbage that had accumulated or denuded forests, climate change and drastic weather caused also by deforested.
Environmental damage caused by human activities and behavior itself is not environmentally sound. In addition to the environmental damage caused by the less cares some people, there is still hope for the emergence of human consciousness fix the environment. Industrialized countries have a greater responsibility due to the deteriorating global environment, since most of the environmental damage caused by the impact of industrialization.
Forests have been felled since developed hundreds of years ago to enhance their well-being and land-land has been turned into a bleak land more productive agriculture, farms and industries that emit a variety of pollutants. It is not fair because the developed countries / industries in order to force developing countries to cut down their forests to absorb pollutants. Unjust coercion is done as boycotts of tropical timber products from developing countries.

2.2 Types of Environmental Issues
Environmental issues are divided into three, namely:
1. Local Environmental Issues
2. National Environmental Issues
3. Global Environmental Issues

 Local Environmental Issues are problems that exist in the environment or the surrounding areas.
 National Environmental Issues are environmental problems that occur in a country.
 Global Environmental Issues environmental problems are occurring worldwide.

 
1. Local Environmental Issues
 Drought
Drought is a shortage of water due to the water source can not provide the water needs of humans and other living things
Impact: cause health problems.

 Flood
Is a natural phenomenon when the river can not accommodate the overflow of rainwater as process influasi decreased. It all can happen due to reduced run-off water-retaining vegetation.
Impact: skin diseases, stunted human activity, decreased food productivity, etc.

 Avalanche
Is the erosion of land by water run-off due to reduced water retention.
Impact: damage to homes, fields, rice fields, disrupting the economy and transportation activities

 Coastal erosion
Is a coastal plain soil erosion due to sea waves.
Impact: causing damage to homes and loss of economic potential of tourism.

 Seawater intrusion
Sea water (salt) fills the basement has been widely used by humans and in the absence of sea water intrusion resistance such as mangrove areas.
Impact: the fresh water shortages, and damage the health.



2. National Environmental Issues
 Forest Fire
The process of forest fires can occur by natural or man-made. Fire by humans is usually due to land clearing intends to plantation.
Impact: CO2 in the air contribute, loss of biodiversity, the resulting smoke can harm our health and the smoke can affect to other countries. Not only local but also exposed to other country.

 offshore oil pollution
Petroleum exploitation results in transport by tanker to the processing of petroleum. Offshore oil pollution in the shelter system result from leaky or sinking ships that cause the release of oil into the waters.
Impact: The resulting waste can be spread depending waves. Can have an impact to several countries, resulting in the closing of the surface layer of the ocean which causes the penetration of the sun is reduced causing impaired photosynthesis, oxygen binding, and can cause death of marine organisms.



3. Global Environmental Issues
Global environmental issues, among others:
Issues Porsea
Porsea is an area of ​​highland air is cool, located on the outskirts of Lake Toba, North Sumatra. Around 1989 around Porsea established pulp industry as a product of the manufacture of paper. Waste pulp industry is the impact of the environment directly. The indirect environmental impacts, among others, accelerating deforestation around Lake Toba accelerating decline in the water level of Lake Toba.

The issue of Minamata
Minamata bay is a famous name in the area surrounding Japan in 1956. Japanese society is fond of eating fish from waters of Minamata. However, fish consumption has indicated that they have been contaminated by mercury from industrial waste containing elemental mercury has been discharged into the waters of Minamata. Minamata disease as a result of mercury Methil formed from the catalyst mercury / mercury is used as a synthesis of acetaldehyde.

Issues Ozone Hole
Excessive use of CFCs in refrigeration equipment primarily as a refrigerator or air conditioner adverse environmental impact. Freon gas loose in the environment will reach the stratosphere without dissolving and then destroy the ozone layer. Ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun's free entry to the earth through the damaged ozone hole and can cause skin cancer, increased cases of cataracts in the eye and eye cancer, inhibit the immune power of human (immune) and climate change.

Issues Rainforests
The existence of forests is needed to maintain the carrying capacity of the environment and conserve natural resources.

The issue of the Greenhouse Effect
With the increased use of fuel for various purposes, the release of CO2 has been increasing rapidly. When the CO2 in the air to let the energy of the sun's radiation penetrates a complete air and absorb infrared heat rays emitted. Instead of the earth's surface absorbs heat radiation causing the greenhouse effect which can affect the temperature of the atmosphere.

The issue of Global Warming
Global Warming is basically a phenomenon of global temperature increase from year to year due to the greenhouse effect. Caused by increased carbon dioxide, methane, dinitrooksida, and CFC that captured solar energy in the Earth's atmosphere.
Impact on the environment: melting polar ice caps, rising sea water quality, expanding deserts, increasing rainfall and floods, climate change, extinction of flora and fauna, fauna and pest migration.

Acid Rain Issue
The process of the industrial revolution which resulted in the emergence of air pollution substances. Air pollution can react rainwater and down into compounds that cause acid corrosion process becomes faster, irritation of the skin.

Desertification
Is desertification, decreased ability to land. In the process of desertification is a process of gradual reduction in productivity and thinning of the upper land due to human activities and climate varied as droughts and floods. This resulted in the increasing desertification of critical land in the earth so that CO2 capture becomes less and less.

Pollution B3 waste (hazardous and toxic materials)
Waste containing hazardous and toxic (B3) because of the nature and amount of concentration, which directly or indirectly can damage and pollute the environment and endanger human health.
Impact: The former only be local but now also make the process of cross-border exchanges and sewage waste on the high seas. And if it's all happened so hazardous and can be acutely toxic to living creatures death.



2.3 Environmental Issue Mitigation Efforts
In general, the problems that occur can be addressed by the following ways:
1. Implement the use of environmentally friendly technologies in the management of    natural resources as well as those that can not be updated by taking into account the carrying capacity.
2. To avoid environmental pollution and destruction of natural resources will require law enforcement in a fair and consistent.
3. Recycling aluminum, plastic, and paper.
4. Lower the temperature of your air conditioner. Avoid using the maximum temperature
5. Intensification of Agriculture that adds to the quality of agricultural products by making improvements in farming areas that include: fertilizing, irrigation, seed selection, crop rotation, terracing fields and others.
6. Agricultural extension is the effort to add quality agriculture by clearing forests or draining wetlands to expand farmland.
7. Afforestation / Reforestation is planting plants or trees in areas that have been deforested
8. Selective logging is cutting down the plant by choosing where do you think that is feasible plant cut and which ones still need to be preserved.
9. Make landfills are each intended factories or industries should have a smoke filtration and waste disposal sites so dirty smoke that will not pollute the air and wastes will not be disposed of into the river any so it will not pollute the water.
10. To reduce runoff and to improve water infiltration mostly groundwater, it is necessary to manufacture land and recharge wells.
11. There is control over a motor vehicle that has a high pollution levels that cause pollution.
12. Increase the use of organic manure and compared with the use of artificial fertilizers sehinnga no damage on the ground.
13. Making swales, ridges, and sasag which aims to reduce the rate of erosion

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