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No
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Text
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Social function
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Generic Structure
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Significant
Lexicogrammatical Features
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1
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Description
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To describe a particular person or thing
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1. Identification
2. Description
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1. Focus on Specific Participant
2. Frequent use of nominal groups
3. Use of Simple Present Tense
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2
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Report
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To describe general inference to report something
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1. General Classification
2. Description
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1. Focus on Generis Participants
2. Use of relational processes to state what is and that
which it is
3. Use of Simple Present Tense
4. No temporal Sequence
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3
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Explanation
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To explain the processes involved in the formation or
workings of natural or socio natural phenomena
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1. General Statement to position the reader
2. Explanation
3. Closing
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1. Focus on generic or human participant
2. Use mainly of Material and Relational Processes
3. Use mainly of temporal and causal circumstance and
conjuction
4. Use of Simple present tense
5. Some use of Pasive Voice to get theme right
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4
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Procedure
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To describe how something is accomplished through a
sequence of actions or steps
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1. Goal
2. Material needed
3. Steps
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1. Focus on generalized human agent
2. Use of Simple Present Tense often imperative
3. Use of mainly temporal conjuction
4. Use of Material Processes
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5
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Recount
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To retell past event for the
purpose of informing
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1. Orientation
2. Sequence of event
3. Reorientation
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1. Specific Participant
2. Use Material Processes
3. Circumstance of place and time
4. Use past tense
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6
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Narrative
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To amuse entertain the reader
about the story
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1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
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1. Specific and usually individual participant
2. Use Material Processes for behaviour and verbal
processes
3. Use of Relational Processes and mental processes
4. Use of temporal conjuction and temporal circumstance
5. Use of past tense
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7
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Spoof
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To retell past event with
humorous twist
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1. Orientation
2. Sequence of event
3. Twist
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1. Individual Participant
2. Use Material Processes
3. Circumstance of place and time
4. Use past tense
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8
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News
item
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To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events
of the day are considered newsworthy or important
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1. Newsworthy event
2. Background event
3. Sources
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1. Short, telegraphic information
about story captured in head line.
2. Use of Material Processes to retell the event
3. Use of projecting Verbal Processes
in sources stage.
4. Focus on circumstances
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9
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Anecdote
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To share with others an
account of an unusual or amusing incident
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1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident
5. Coda
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1. Use of
exclamation, rhetorical
question and intensifiers
2. Use of
Material processes
to tell what happened
3. Use of temporal conjunction
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10
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Discussion
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To present
(at least)
two points of view about an issue
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1. Issue
2. Argument for point
3. Argument Against
4. Conclusion
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1. Focus on generic human and generic non-human
Participants
2. Use of Material Processes
3.
Use of Relational
Processes
4.
Use of Mental
Processes
5. Use of
Comparative: contrastive and Consequential
conjunction
6. Reasoning expressed as verbs and noun
(abstraction)
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11
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Review
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To critique an art work or event for a public
audience Such works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas,
recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets
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1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative
Recount
4. Evaluative
Summation
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1. Focus on Particular Participants
2. Direct expression of opinions through use of attitudinal lexis
3. Use of elaborating and extending
clause and group complexes to package the information
4. Use of metaphorical language
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12
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Analytical
Exposition
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To persuade the reader or listener that something
is the case
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1. Thesis:
2. Argument
3. Conclusion
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1. Focus on generic human or non-human Participants
2. Use of simple present tense
3. Use of Relational
Processes
4. Use of internal conjunction to stage argument
5. Reasoning through Causal Conjunction
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13
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Hortatory
Expostion
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To persuade the reader or listener that something
should or should not be the case.
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1. Thesis
2. Argument
3. Recommendation
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1. Focus on generic human and non-human Participants,
except for speaker or writer referring to self
2. Use of Mental
Processes
3.
Use of Material
Processes
4.
Use of Relational
Processes
5. Use of simple present tense
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